It could mean instead that greater happiness causes people to exercise or that something like better physical health causes people to exercise and be happier. “Correlation does not imply causation.” For example, if it were the case that people who exercise regularly are happier than people who do not exercise regularly, this implication would not necessarily mean that exercising increases people’s happiness. Two variables being statistically related does not necessarily mean that one causes the other. Researchers have focused on four validities to help assess whether an experiment is sound (Judd & Kenny, 1981 Morling, 2014) : internal validity, external validity, construct validity, and statistical validity. When we read about psychology experiments with a critical view, one question to ask is “is this study valid?” However, that question is not as straightforward as it seems because, in psychology, there are many different kinds of validities. Explain the concepts of construct and statistical validity.Explain what external validity is and evaluate studies in terms of their external validity.Explain what internal validity is and why experiments are considered to be high in internal validity.
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